The experiments also showed that the Aharonov-Bohm effect also applies to gravity, as a magnetic field inside of a cylindrical container can impact particles that never make their way inside the container. In the fountain, the atoms that rose higher moved close to the tungsten mass and therefore experienced more acceleration, which led to a time shift between those and the atoms that did not rise as high. The setup demonstrated phase shifts due to time dilation in which, as described in Einstein's theory of relativity, time passes more slowly closer to massive objects. Phase shifts were initiated by stopping the atoms at different distances from the tungsten at the top of the fountain. In their experiments, the researchers pushed pairs of atoms up the fountain and measured resulting phase shifts as they traveled up and down the fountain. A third laser pulse captured the atom as it reached the bottom. To use the fountain, they fired lasers beneath single atoms, pushing them upward, and other lasers fired down from the top to stop them. The atomic fountain created by the team consisted of a 10-meter-tall tower containing a vacuum tube-on top, there was a ring securing a piece of tungsten.
Albert Roura,with the German Aerospace Center's Institute of Quantum Technologies published a Perspective piece in the same journal issue outlining the work by the team in California. In their study, reported in the journal Science, the group used the fountain as an interferometer to measure atomic wave packet changes that corresponded to phase shifts. Credit: DOI: 10.1126/science.abl7152Ī team of researchers working at Stanford University has used time dilation in an atomic fountain to measure the curvature of space-time. Lower right: time integral of source mass potential along upper arm (light red) and lower arm (dark red) of lower 52hk interferometer. Lower left: time integral of source mass potential along upper arm (light red) and lower arm (dark red) of upper 52hk interferometer. Upper right: deflection of upper arm (light blue), lower arm (dark blue), and midpoint (black) of lower 52hk interferometer, scaled by −52k. Upper left: deflection of upper arm (light blue), lower arm (dark blue), and midpoint (black) of upper 52hk interferometer due to the source mass as a function of time, scaled by −52k.
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